Country profile
High salaries, points-based skilled migration, and strong quality of life with outdoor lifestyle.
Salary by experience (software engineer)
Junior (0–2yr)
€42,000
Mid (3–7yr)
€60,000
Senior (8+yr)
€85,000
What would you like to know?
Pick a question and we'll crunch the numbers for you.
How much will I save each month?
Simulate your salary, taxes, rent, and monthly budget in Australia.
How does it compare to where I live now?
Compare Australia with your home country on salary, tax, cost, and more.
What will my take-home pay be?
Enter your salary and see the exact tax breakdown for Australia.
What if I want to return home later?
Plan your return or retirement after living in Australia.
7-year trends
Immigration pipeline
Residency requirement: 4 years (1 year as permanent resident). Based on Department of Home Affairs official stats.
Fastest
5 mo
Average
11.5 mo
Slowest
28 mo
Online application
0–1 months · avg 0.5 months
Department processing
3–12 months · avg 6 months
Identity, character, residence checks
Citizenship test
0.5–3 months · avg 1 months
Approval + ceremony
1–12 months · avg 4 months
90% attend ceremony within 12 months of approval
Must pass citizenship test (75% pass mark). Dual citizenship allowed.
Source: Department of Home Affairs official stats · Last updated: 2025-12
Detailed processing times, office comparisons, and community data for Australia.
Who lives here
8.10M foreign-born residents (30% of the population). Data from ABS Australia 2024.
Top nationalities: China, India, United Kingdom
Top nationalities: India, China, United Kingdom
Top nationalities: United Kingdom, India, South Africa
Top nationalities: New Zealand, United Kingdom, India
Top nationalities: United Kingdom, India, China
Total population
27.0M
Foreign-born
8.10M
% of population
30%
Quality of life
Ranked #11 globally with a score of 7.06/10. Source: World Happiness Report 2025.
7.06
out of 10 · Happy
Global rank #11 of 143 countries
Strongest factor
GDP
Weakest factor
Generosity
Tax system
Income tax range: 0% to 45% + Medicare levy. Effective rate on average salary: ~10.8%.
| Income Range | Rate |
|---|---|
| A$0 – A$18,200 | 0.0% |
| A$18,200 – A$45,000 | 16.0% |
| A$45,000 – A$135,000 | 30.0% |
| A$135,000 – A$190,000 | 37.0% |
| A$190,000+ | 45.0% |
+ 2.0% social contributions on gross income
Source: ATO.gov.au · 2025-26
Child allowance: A$5,400 per child/year
Compare tax across all countriesVisa routes
Available visa categories and who they suit.
Employer-sponsored skilled workers
2-4 year visa. Can lead to PR via 186.
Points-tested skilled workers
No employer sponsor needed. Direct PR.
Students at CRICOS-registered institutions
Post-study work visa 2-4 years depending on qualification.
Useful links
Sites most expats use for housing, jobs, insurance, banking, and utilities.
Working here
Language requirement: English (IELTS 6+ for most visas)
Medicare public system + private option
English (IELTS 6+ for most visas)
Housing
Safety
Education
Public schools are free for PR holders. International school fees apply for temporary visa holders.
Getting settled
Pros and cons
Community data
Immigration timelines, salary surveys, and other data collected by expat communities.
2,937 crowd-sourced citizenship application cases. See real processing times from application to ceremony, broken down by nationality and state.
3,617 cases tracking the Skilled Nominated (SC190) visa. Includes sub-trackers by nationality (Indian, Chinese, Pakistani applicants). Shows EOI to grant timelines.
3,057 cases for the Skilled Independent (SC189) visa. Community-reported timelines from EOI to visa grant.
692 cases tracking partner visa processing times. Useful for family reunification planning.
Official Department of Home Affairs processing times for all visa subclasses. Compare with community trackers for the real picture.
Track, analyze, and discuss visa, immigration, and citizenship applications. Community-powered processing time predictions for Canada and Australia.
Curated collection of official government immigration portals for the US, UK, Canada, and Australia. Processing time trackers and visa bulletin data.
Community Q&A
by aussie_hopeful · 3 days ago · 3 replies · ▲ 134
Applied for Australian citizenship by conferral 3 months ago. The official estimate says 'up to 22 months' but I've heard it varies wildly. Anyone gone through it recently?
Got mine in 2025. Application to approval: about 9 months. Then another 2 months to get a ceremony date. Total: 11 months. But I know people who got approved in 4 months and others who waited 18+. Check the MyImmiTracker citizenship tracker — nearly 3,000 cases with real timelines.
The approval part is mostly automated now — the test is online and the identity check is quick. The bottleneck is the ceremony scheduling. Some councils do them monthly, others quarterly. If you're in a major city, expect longer waits for ceremony spots.
Pro tip: the abcdiamond.com.au website publishes monthly breakdowns of citizenship processing times with percentile data. Way more detailed than the official estimates.
Official links
Compare Australia with other countries side by side.
Calculate your budget, taxes, and savings in Australia.